|
|
| |
O PANTANAL < Onça |
O Pantanal Mato-grossense, localizado a SW do Estado de Mato Grosso e NW do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, constitui-se numa planície sedimentar de aproximadamente 100.000 km2, com altitudes inferiores a 200m acima do nível do mar. Nela corre, de norte a sul, o rio Paraguai e, de leste a oeste, seus tributários do lado brasileirodestacando-se os rios São Lourenço, Cuiabá Taquari, Negro, Aquidauana e Miranda.
Durante a estação chuvosa que vai de dezembro a abril, a concentração pluviométrica sobre os rios da região faz com que estes, devido à pequena declividade, extravasem o excesso d'agua, inundando quase a totalidade da área. No quadro formado pelas enchentes, inúmeras lagoas ("baías") aparecem ou ampliam-se, e bracos d'água ("corichos") interligam-se. Certos
trechos, mais elevados e a salvo das enchentes, são os preferidos para implantação das sedes das fazendas de gado, principal atividade econômica da região. Em razão deste quadro apresentado durante as cheias, os primeiros habitantes da região deram-lhe o nome de Lagoa ou Mar de Xaraiés.
A vegetação pantaneira, que apresenta aspectos bastante peculiares, é formada por um conjunto de composições florísticas diversas, sendo não raras vezes esse conjunto chamado de "Complexo do Pantanal". Em função da variabilidade ambiental, condicionada por fatores, tais como solos, regime hídrico e topografia, ali aparecem, lado a lado, elementos florísticos representativos dos cerrados, da floresta amazônica, formações hidrófilas e higrófilas, xerófitas, além de transições entre estas.
A fauna, abundante e variada, é representada, entre muitas outras espécies, pela ariranha (Pteronura brasiliensis), a lontra (Lutra platensis), o cervo-do-pantanal (Blastocerus dichotomus); a onça pintada (Panthera onça) e o jacaré (Caiman crocodilus yacare); estes dois últimos muito perseguidos pelos "coureiros", em virtude dos altos pre,cos de suas peles no exterior. A avifauna, com multas espécies de hábitos migratórios, é também numerosa e variada. A fartura alimentar, aliada à diversificação ambiental, proporciona abrigo a muitas espécies, entre as quais se destacam o cabeça seca (Mycteria americana); o jaburu (Jabiru mycteria) e o colhereiro (Ajaia ajaja); estes, agrupados na época de nidificação, às margens das lagoas, compõem os conhecidos "ninhais" ou "viveiros".
LUIZ FERNANDO R. DE BARROS Eng° Agrônomo - IBDF ALBERTO COSTA DE PAULA¶
Other links:
THE FLOOD PLAIN OF MATO GROSSO Anta > |
The flood plain of Mato Grosso localized at the SW of Mato Grosso state and at NW of Mato Grosso do Sul state, constitutes a sedimentary plain of around 100.000 km2, with altitudes lower than 200 m above sea level. The region is drained from North to South by the Paraguay river and East-west by its tributaries of the Brazilian side: São Lourenço, Cuiabá, Taquari, Negro, Aquidauana and Miranda.
During the raining season, from December to April, the rivers of he region overflow due to the rainfalls concentration and the little declivity of the terrain, inundating almost the entire area. During the flood, numerous lagoons ("baías") appear and spread out connected by the streams ("corichos"). The main economic activity in the region, cattle breeding, brought about on huge cattle ranches is implanted preferably on the higher lands, safer from the flood. Because of its characteristics during the inundation, the first inhabitants called the region "lagoa" or "Mar de Xaraiés".
The peculiar vegetation of the region is composed of a diversified flora forming the "Flood plain complex". On account of the environment diversity, conditioned by factors such as soil, hydrography and topography, the region presents, side by side, flora elements representing the "cerrado", (woods composed of stunted, twisted trees,the Amazon jungle, the hydrophilic and hydrophilic formations, xerophites, besides the transition species among them.
The abundant and varied fauna is represented by many species, among them, the Brazilian otter "Ariranha" (Pteronura brasiliensis) and the otter "Lontra" (Lutra platensis), the flood plain deer "Cervo do Pantanal" (Blastocerus dichotomus), the jaguar "Onca Pintada" (Panthera onca) and the alligator "Jacaré" (Caiman crocodilus yacare), these last ones being constantly hunted down by the "coureiros" (leather sellers), because of the high price their skin gets in foreign countries. Also the bird fauna is extensive and diverse comprising many species of migratory habits. Plenty of food, together with the environmental diversification favor the growth of multiple species among which we can find the wood ibis "Cabeça Seca" (Mysteria americana), the jabiru stork "Jaburu" (Jabiru mycteria) and the spoonbill "Colhereiro" (Ajaia ajaja); these birds, grouped at the time of nestling on the margins of the lagoons, form the well known "ninhais" (nests) or "viveiros" (aviary).
LUIZ FERNANDO R. DE BARROS Agronomic engineer - IBDF ALBERTO COSTA DE PAULA Ecologist (M.Sc.) - IBDF¶
Other links:
Copyright
2012 notice: Please note that most material on this site is copyrighted, if
pieces and bits of this site is found in other locations without proper
authorization there are happy lawyers that would be glad to contact you. If you
would like to use some pictures, contents of this site, please contact author
first
For problems or questions and advertising regarding this Web site contact
email
vivabrazil.
Last updated: 12/22/11.
Copyright
2012 notice: Please note that most material on this site is copyrighted, if
pieces and bits of this site is found in other locations without proper
authorization there are happy lawyers that would be glad to contact you. If you
would like to use some pictures, contents of this site, please contact author
first
For problems or questions and advertising regarding this Web site contact
email
vivabrazil.
Last updated: 12/22/11.
Copyright
2012 notice: Please note that most material on this site is copyrighted, if
pieces and bits of this site is found in other locations without proper
authorization there are happy lawyers that would be glad to contact you. If you
would like to use some pictures, contents of this site, please contact author
first
For problems or questions and advertising regarding this Web site contact
email
vivabrazil.
Last updated: 12/22/11.
Copyright
2012 notice: Please note that most material on this site is copyrighted, if
pieces and bits of this site is found in other locations without proper
authorization there are happy lawyers that would be glad to contact you. If you
would like to use some pictures, contents of this site, please contact author
first |