Peixes do Pantanal


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Peixes do Pantanal


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Peixes do Pantanal


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PEIXES DO PANTANAL - AQUÁRIO DE ÁGUA DOCE. CHINA 99-ANO DO COELHO

O propósito é favorecer a pesquisa e a observação acurada de todas as espécies da Bacia do Alto Paraguai. contribuindo para o conhecimento e a percepção da ictiofauna regional em sua plenitude e suas interaçóes com o meio, além do desenvolvimento da aquicultura. As espécies focalizadas - dourado, piraputanga, piauçu, mato-grosso, cascudochicote, (Ancistrus sp.), dourado-cachorro e Abramites sp. - contemplam alguns dos grupos temáticos que comporão o Aquário Pantaneiro: peixes usados na alimentação, ornamentais, cascudos e peixes incomuns.

PEIXES USADOS NA ALIMENTAÇÃO Os peixes do pantanal usados na alimentação derivam da pesca comercial, esportiva e de subsistência, bem como da criação em confinamento. Dentre as espécies capturadas na pesca esportiva, destacam-se o pintado (ou surubim, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans), considerado no Pantanal o mais nobre dos peixes, o pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) e o dourado (Salminus maxillosus) muito cobiçado pelo sabor da carne, porte e relativa dificuldade de captura. Ha várias outras espécies de peixes muito consumidas na região, como o piauçu (Leporinus macrocephalus) e a piraputanga (Brycon microlepis); algumas. pelo seu porte médio e relativa abundância, não são consideradas "nobres" pelos pescadores esportivos: curimba ou curimbatá (Prochilodus lineatus), palmito (Agenelosus brevifilis), jurupoca (Hemisorubimplatyrhynchus) e piranhas. dentre outras. O desenvolvimento da piscicultura racional e de campanhas que incentivem a diversificação da produção, a utilização de novas receitas culinárias e o uso da modalidade "pesque-e-solte", contribuiriam para diminuir a pressão sobre as espécies ditas "nobres", favorecendo o equilíbrio ecológico e a manutenção dos estoques pesqueiros na região.

PEIXES ORNAMENTAIS O termo peixe ornamental é um tanto abrangente, pois pode designar todos os peixes que se adaptam à criação em tanques e aquários com finalidade ornamental. Assim, também poderiam ser incluidos na lista as espécies de grande porte usadas na alimentação dos brasileiros e que embelezam os aquários estrangeiros. No sentido restrito, considerando-se apenas os peixes de pequeno porte, com particularidades anatômicas e cromáticas interessantes, o Pantanal abriga algumas dezenas de espécies conhecidas em todo o mundo. Destas, destaca-se o mato-grosso (Hyphessobrycon eques).

CASCUDOS Os cascudos são peixes que não possuem escamas, apresentam uma couraça de placas ósseas que os reveste inteira ou parcialmente. A boca é ventral (que serve inclusive para ancorar o peixe ao substrato). Muitos dos cascudos possuem hábitos noturnos e estão adaptados à vida no fundo dos rios; outros vivem sobre raízes de plantas flutuantes. Pertence a este grupo o cascudo-chicote (Rineloricaria sp.).

PEIXES INCOMUNS Trata-se de um grupo temático de peixes que poderia ser considerado bizarro do ponto de vista de sua morfologia e comportamento. Embora possam parecer estranhos ou surpreendentes como o cascudo (Ancistrus sp.), que apresenta curiosos cirros na região anterior da cabeça-. o aspecto externo que apresentam está intimamente relacionado ao meio em que vivem e aos seus hábitos. O muçum (Synbranchus spp.), com seu formato roliço e escorregadio, lembrando uma serpente, consegue se abrigar adequadamente em locas. O dourado-cachorro (Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro), com seus olhos grandes e dentes pontiagudos, é um exímio predador. O Abramites sp. tem o hábito de nadar inclinado, com a boca voltada para o fundo, confundindo-se com as raízes de plantas flutuantes.

Paulo Robson de Souza Fotógrafo e professor de Prática de Ensino de Biologia Depto de Biologia - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul

Vander Meiqufades Fabrfcio de Jesus Biólogo - Aquário Pantaneiro - DESAGUA/MS

Consultoria: prof. Otávio Froehlích Depto de Biologia - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul

Coordenação: Pedro Spindola Diretor Executivo do Instituto de Desenvolvimento da Aqüicultura DESAGUA/MS 


 

FISHES OF THE "PANTANAL" - FRESH WATER AQUARIUM - CHINA 99 YEAR OF THE RABBIT

This issue depicts the Brazilian fresh water fishes on eight stamps with a unique and panoramic background. The photographed species whose lengths range from 3 to 80 centimeters represent the 268 species scientifically classified in Pantanal; these species will be reared in the "Pantaneiro Aquarium' to be open on April 21, 2000, in the city of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul. This aquariums aim is to favor research and the accurate observation of all Pantanal s fishes, contributing to the knowledge and perception of the regional ictiofauna in its completeness and its interaction with the environment, besides the development of water culture. The described species ("dourado". "dourado-cachorro", "cascudo-chicote", 'cascudo Ancistrus sp", "piraputanga", "mato-grosso", "piauçu" and "muçum') are representatives of the thematic groups of those that will compose the Pantaneiro Aquarium": the fishes for food consumption, ornamental fishes, "cascudos", and rare fishes.

FISHES FOR FOOD CONSUMPTION The "pantanal" fishes used for food consumption are caught through the commercial, sport and subsistence fishing as well as from the confinement rearing. Among the species captured through the sport fishing, there are the "pintado" (or "surubim" Pseudoplaystoma corniscans considered in the Pantanal as the noblest of the fishes). O "pacu" (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and the "dourado" (Salminus maxillosus, much searched because of its tasteful meat, its size and relative difficulty to be caught). There are many other species of fishes very consumed in the region, as the "piauçu" (Leporinus macrocephalus) and the "piraputanga" (Brycon microlepis); some due to their medium size and relative abundance are not considered "noble" by the sport fishers, as the "curimba" or "curimbatá" (Prochilodus lineatus), palmito (Ageneiosus brevifilis), lurupoca" (Hemisorubin platyrhynchus) and the "piranhas", among others. The development of the national fish culture, the campaigns that stimulate the diversification of production, the use of new culinary recipes and the use of the "catch-and-release" fishing modality would contribute to lessen the pressure over the so-called "noble" species favoring the ecological balance and the maintenance of fish stocks in the region.

ORNAMENTAL FISHES The term "ornamental fish" is a little bit too wide, since it may mean all the fishes that adapt themselves to the breading in tanks and aquariums for ornamental purpose. Accordingly we could include in the list also the big size species that are consumed in the Brazilian alimentation and that embellish the foreign aquariums. But in the restrict term, considering only the small size fishes with interesting anatomic and chromatic particularities, the "Pantanal" shelters dozens of fishes known all over the world, as the mato-grosso" (Hyphessobrycon eques), among others,

"CASCUDOS" The "cascudos" are fishes without scales but with a cuirass of bony plates that cover them completely or partly. The ventral mouth is used to anchor the fish to the substratum. Many of the "cascudos" have nocturnal habits and are adapted to the life in the bottom of the rivers, others live over the roots of floating plants. Belongs to the group the "cascudochicote" (Runelorica ria lanceolata).

UNCOMMON FISHES This is a thematic group of fishes that could be considered bizarre from the point of view of their morphology and behavior. Although they may seem strange or intriguing -as the "cascudo" (Ancistrus sp.), that presents curious cirrus on the frontal region of the head - their external aspect is intimately linked to the environment where they live and to their habits. The "muçum" (Synbranchus spp.) with its round and slippery shape like a snake. succeeds in living adequately in hidden holes. The 'dourado-cachorro" (Acestrorhynchuspantaneiro), with its big eyes and sharp teeth is an expert predator. The Abramites sp. has the habit of swimming in a bent position with the mouth turned to the bottom, confounding itself with the roots of floating plants.

Paulo Robson de Souza Prof. of Biology Dept. of Biology - Federal University O! the State of Mato Grosso do Sul

Vander Melgu ladas Fabricio de Jesus Biologist Aquanum Pantaneiro - DESAGUAJMS

Consultant: prof. Otávio Froehlich Dept. of OBiology - Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul

 

 

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 Copyright 2012 notice: Please note that most material on this site is copyrighted, if pieces and bits of this site is found in other locations without proper authorization there are happy lawyers that would be glad to contact you. If you would like to use some pictures, contents of this site, please contact author first
For problems or questions and advertising regarding this Web site contact email vivabrazil.
Last updated: 12/22/11.


Home | Brazilian Regions | This is Brazil | What is new | Search Help | Contact Information

 Copyright 2012 notice: Please note that most material on this site is copyrighted, if pieces and bits of this site is found in other locations without proper authorization there are happy lawyers that would be glad to contact you. If you would like to use some pictures, contents of this site, please contact author first
For problems or questions and advertising regarding this Web site contact email vivabrazil.
Last updated: 12/22/11.


Home | Brazilian Regions | This is Brazil | What is new | Search Help | Contact Information

 Copyright 2012 notice: Please note that most material on this site is copyrighted, if pieces and bits of this site is found in other locations without proper authorization there are happy lawyers that would be glad to contact you. If you would like to use some pictures, contents of this site, please contact author first
For problems or questions and advertising regarding this Web site contact email vivabrazil.
Last updated: 12/26/11.